PREPARATION OF POLYURETHANE-MODIFIED EPOXY RESIN AND ITS APPLICATION IN SAND CONSOLIDATION

摘要

Around 70% of hydrocarbons are located in poorly consolidated reservoirs in the world. The rock in these reservoirs usually is geologic young and unconsolidated since natural processes have not cemented the rock grains together by mineral deposition. As a result, many reservoirs are susceptible to sand production when oil, gas and water are produced from reservoirs [1]. Sand production could also occur in consolidated sandstone reservoirs when the production rate (or pressure drawdown) exceeds the critical production rate (or critical drawdown) [2]. Sand production is one of the most serious problems encountered in the petroleum industry. Without proper measures to control or eliminate sand production, frequent washout operations and replacement of surface and subsurface equipment will be necessary, which significantly increases production costs [3].