Measurement of attosecond photo-ionization delay in xenon

摘要

The recent advances in attosecond physics revealing an emission delay between electrons emitted from valence states and deeper bound 4f states in tungsten [1] and from the 2p and 2s subshells in neon [2] have provoked and will continue to provoke questions about the physics of photo-ionization. However, in the aforementioned experiments a relative phase ambiguity remained, because of the spectral separation of the respective emitted wavepackets. We present experimental data obtained using this method from an atomic system, xenon, from which more different electron wavepackets including shake-up electron wavepackets are emitted, and where a spectral overlap of some of these wavepackets can be observed. The spectral overlap of the different emitted electronic wavepackets can eliminate the relative phase ambiguity, and thus allows for a more reliable measurement of the relative emission phase and delay. In the experimental data we present here, the streaking of the 5p, 5s and 4d photoelectrons and the 5p−25d shake-up satellite from xenon is well resolved, and the Auger lines and corresponding sidebands are individually resolved.