Much research has been done to investigate the source of salts and water in Yungang Grottoes - by geological, hydrological geological methods, chemical analysis of rain, snow and spring water of Cave 2. Analysis of the chemical compositions and their contents of various rock samples show that the dissolvable salts in grottoes come from the top layer of sandstone strata. This paper discusses the mechanism of water-rock interactions and their possible effects on the quick weathering of the cave rocks with special focus on the function of atmospheric circles. It was found that the water-rock interactions mainly include the dissolution of cementing carbonate and elastic feldspar, the crystallization of salt mineral and the formation and transformation of ferric oxide and ferric hydroxide.
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