The paper addresses the problem of minimizing the overall energy consumption per frame in wireless networks with multiple antennas at all transmitters and receivers. In doing so, we take into account the energy expenditure for signal processing using a realistic hardware model. We provide a characterization of different regimes of transmit covariance matrices, in which the total energy exhibits different behaviors. This allows us to obtain valuable insight into the design of energy-optimal policies and their dependence on some hardware parameters. Furthermore, we introduce and interpret the metric of energy per bit/s and characterize its behavior under the energy-optimal policy.
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