The paper describes some results of tests on solid walls and walls with openings in full scale,which were built on the steel structure subjected to vertical deflection.The walls had the length of 4550 mm,the height of 2450 mm and the thickness of 180 mm and were made of silicate blocks of group 1 per PN-EN 1996-1-1 standard with mean compressive strength of 17.7 N/mm~2.The specimens had thin bed jointsand unfilled head joints.Solid walls(A type),walls with one door opening located unsymmetrically in relation to the vertical axis(B type),specimens with two door openings located symmetrically(C type)and walls with one door and one window opening(D type).The tests were carried out in the specially designed steel stand that allowed to test masonry full scale walls subjected to simultaneous increasing of vertical compression load and deflection of the structure which they are supported on.The vertical load of the top walls edge was realized with the use of two hydraulic jacks with range up to 500 kN.The vertical deflections of steel structure supporting the masonry wall were realized in two ways,by means of loading the top edge of wall and with use of the elements of deflection enforcement system.Apart from vertical loading and support displacements,the displacements of the masonry along the eleven sections on each surface in two fields were also measured.The measurement of changes of the measuring sections length was used for calculating the mean deformation angles of the specimen in both fields.The walls without openings were rigid enough to separate from the support even at the deflection not exceeding 1.5 mm.The walls with one door opening located unsymmetrically also crack at early stage of tests.In this case,the separation from the support of a part of the wall without opening occur and cracks appear at the end of lintels caused by rotation of parts of wall separated by door opening(at early stage of tests treated as rotations of rigid bodies).In the case of walls with two symmetrically located door openings,the first crack appeared at the ends of the lintels as a result of rotations of pillars caused by small,smaller than 3 mm support deflection.The first cracking of walls with the window and door openings took place under the window opening and in the area,where lintel was supported by external pillar adjacent to the window opening.
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机译：本文介绍了在全尺度上具有开口的固体墙壁和墙壁上的测试结果，这是基于经受垂直偏转的钢结构。墙壁的长度为4550毫米，高度为2450 mm，厚度为180 mm并由每PN-EN-1996-1-1标准硅酸盐块制成，平均抗压强度为17.7 n / mm〜2.标本具有薄床连接和未填充的头部接头。叠层（一种类型），墙壁一个门口与垂直轴（B型），带有两个门开口的样品位于对称（C型）和一个门的壁和一个窗口开口（D型）。测试是在专门设计的允许测试砌体的钢铁架进行透雕墙，同时增加它们被支撑的结构的垂直压缩负荷和偏转。通过使用两个带距离的液压千斤顶实现顶壁边缘的垂直载荷通过装载墙壁的顶部边缘和使用偏转实施系统的元素，从垂直装载和支撑位移，以两种方式实现了支撑砖墙的垂直偏转。从垂直装载和支撑位移，位移还测量了两个领域中每个表面上的11个部分的砌体。测量部分长度的变化的测量用于计算两个领域的样本的平均变形角度。没有开口的墙壁足够刚性以分离即使在不超过1.5毫米的偏转中也从支撑。一个门口的壁在试验的早期阶段的一个门开口。在这种情况下，在这种情况下，从没有开口的壁的一部分的支撑的分离，出现裂缝引起的壁的部分的旋转过梁的端部相隔门开口（在作为刚体的旋转处理的试验早期阶段）。在壁的情况下对于两个对称的门开口，由于小于3mm支撑偏转的柱子的旋转，第一裂缝出现在门的末端，小于3mm的支撑偏转。与窗口和门开口的墙壁的第一次开裂发生在窗口开口和区域，其中楣丝由窗口开口附近的外部柱支撑。
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