Analysis of the Leading Environmental Impacts of Greenhouse Gas Emissions

摘要

The goal of this paper is the analysis of conditions and dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions produced by leading countries and the leading impacts they cause to the environment. Our investigation leads to the statistical observations of greenhouse gas emissions collected by the International Energy Agency and National statistical service and containse their inconsistency proofs. We discover that the main greenhouse gas in Ukraine is carbon dioxide CO_2. We anlyse the dynamic of CO_2 emissions in Ukraine according to economy sectors. In addition, we evaluate Ukraine's impact on world air pollution based on comparison of total greenhouse gas emissions in Ukraine and emissions datas by leading countries. We define thaat indexes metrics of greenhouse gas emissions (including CO_2) are not showing full characteristics of Ukraine's economic situation relative to its carbon intensity. Our results indicate that more informative would be using ratios by which one can compare the amount of emissions with the economy sizes (GDP and carbon intensity, specific emissions per capita etc). The appropriate analysis was produced with that indication. Our research indicated that during the analysed period (1990-2017) the greenhouse gas emissions in Ukraine significantly improved but that improvement was not caused by effective state policy actions including providing effective decarbonisation policy and country's transition to low carbon development. Instead, this improvement was the result of the man-made load on the Ukraine's environment (caused by the economic decline, deindustrialisation and certain structural economic chengings). Some inductions exist that Ukraine places a much lower stage of decarbonisation than the leading countries. According to the responsibilities and commitments, the expected level of emissions in Ukraine in 2030 may not exceed 60% of 1990 emissions. In absolute numbers it means that formally Ukraine would have to comply with the United Nations Framework Convention demands. To achieve this goal Ukraine should follow the requirements of the development of renewable energy and the decarbonisation of its economy (which are contained in a number of international treaties). Therefore, there exists a necessity of developing and implementation the effective state policy of economic decarbonisation in the near future.