QUANTUM COGNITION GOES BEYOND-QUANTUM: MODELING THE COLLECTIVE PARTICIPANT IN PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS

摘要

In psychological measurements, two levels should be distinguished: the individual level, relative to the different participants in a given cognitive situation, and the collective level, relative to the overall statistics of their outcomes, which we propose to associate with a notion of collective participant. When the distinction between these two levels is properly formalized, it reveals why the modeling of the collective participant generally requires not only non-classical (non-Kolmogorovian) probabilistic models, but also non-quantum (non-Bornian) probabilistic models, when sequential measurements at the individual level are considered, and this though a classical or pure quantum description might remain valid for single measurement situations.