The noninvasive imaging of a brain has led to significant advances for optical techniques in neurosurgery and brainimaging. Previous study reported hemodynamic brain activity is related with neuronal activity. Photoacoustic microscopy(PAM) can detect hemodynamic activity in blood vessels by exciting red blood cells so neuronal activity can be detectedby imaging vessels with PAM. Based on the results, we observed the cortical response to electrical stimulations of mouse’shindlimbs with our functional photoacoustic microscopy (FPAM) system. Especially, based on a fast-speed imagingcapability of our FPAM system, we observed instantaneous changes of hemodynamic brain activity by imaging a mousebrain non-invasively with capillary-level resolution while electrically stimulating the mouse’s hindlimbs. For the futurestudies, the intraoperative surgical photoacoustic microscopy system can be used to monitor the cortical response toelectrical stimulations. By integrating FPAM system with surgical microscopy, we developed an intraoperative surgicalphotoacoustic microscopy system that provides photoacoustic images and enlarged surface view simultaneously.Additionally, by back projecting the acquired photoacoustic images on the ocular lens of the surgical microscopy, surgeonscan see both the enlarged surface view and photoacoustic images simultaneously without moving the sight from the ocularlens. Thus, the developed intraoperative surgical photoacoustic microscopy system can be a vital tool for themicrosurgeries and neurosurgeries including monitoring the cortical response to electrical stimulations.
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