The influence of the microbiota on the gut-brain axis is increasingly recognized as a key component regulating behavior, including anxiety and depression, and cognitive function.1 The neonatal period is a critical time for the development of the microbiota, the gut and the brain independently; therefore it is reasonable to assume that changes in one system, such as shifting the composition of the microbiota by a bacterial challenge, can impact other systems, such as mental health or behavior.
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