Teaching Self-Dressing Skill Behavior in a Child with Moderate Intellectual Disability and Low Vision with Backward Chaining Technique

摘要

The aim of this study is to identify the effectiveness of using the backward chaining technique to teach children with moderate intellectual disability (ID) and low vision the self-dressing skill of putting on a T-shirt. Teaching these children such a skill allows them to be independent and ultimately improves their quality of life. One of the intervention programs that can be used to teach the self-dressing skill is the backward chaining technique, which employs behavior modification principles. This study used a single-case subject design and an A-B design for pre- and post-intervention. The participant was a male child, aged six-years and one month. The subject had moderate intellectual disability and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage V (low vision). The proposed behavior modification program combined the backward chaining technique and the administration of prompt and positive reinforcement. The behavioral modification program classified the behaviors into four steps of chain behavior, and the program execution consisted of five phases, each having one session with maximum of six trials. To analyze the effectiveness of the program, a comparison of baseline intervention and follow-up results was conducted using four features of visual analysis. The outcome of the study showed that the implementation of the backward chaining technique, along with the prompt and positive reinforcement, proved to be effective in helping the participant master the ability to wear a T-shirt independently.