EFFECTS OF GONADECTOMY ON ORTHOPEDIC DISEASE AND CANCER INDOGS

摘要

Unconventionally, I am beginning this manuscript with the conclusion statements: While a clear cause and effect relationship has not been determined for the effects of gonadectomy on the development of orthopedic disease and neoplasia in dogs, there is compelling evidence that an association does exist, and further research is warranted. Furthermore, the optimal age, should gonadectomy be performed, has not been determined and is likely dependent on the individual dog and client. This manuscript andaccompanying presentation will review the evidence that is challenging the long-held American standard of spaying and neutering all dogs at a very early age.