This paper first gives a comprehensive review of the spatial effect of ground motion on the basis of fundamental types and propagation characteristics of seismic waves. The spatial effect of ground motion includes conduction effect, partial correlation effect, and local site effect. The common mathematical expressions of the ground acceleration power spectral density model, the traveling wave effect model, and the coherence effect model are presented here. Finally, this paper establishes matrix formulas of power spectrum of seismic ground motion, analyzes its physical significance, and points out the current problems in the seismic motion model.
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