Oscillating cooling characteristics in piston oil cooling gallery of internal combustion engines were simulated by adopting Coupled Level Set Volume of Fluid method and Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian dynamic grid technique. The influence relationship of structure parameters and oil filling rate to the average temperature of oil gallery was studied by response surface method. The optimal structure parameters and oil filling rate were acquired by Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm method. The calculation results show that the average temperature of oil gallery wall reduces with the height of oil cooling gallery raising; the average temperature of oil cooling gallery wall reduces after first decreases with the length of oil gallery top surface increasing; the contribution rate of oil filling rate is greater than oil gallery structure in reducing average temperature of wall; the optimal case reduces average temperature of original machine wall by 8 °C and the error between optimal results and calculating result is less than 1%.
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