Locomotive Engineer’s Reactions to the Designer as Phantom Crewmember in Human–Locomotive Systems

摘要

Gamst began his remarks by saying that in railroading, the effects of a posited phantom crewmember, a designer, constantly channel the ways in which an engineer works on a locomotive. The design of noncomputerized and computerized machines and the procedures for their use could affect human tasks that result in operator errors, even leading to close calls and accidents.