Rain garden systems are one of the most commonly utilized stormwater control measures (SCMs] to capture and remove pollutants [such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), zinc (Zn], copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd], lead (Pb], and total suspended solids (TSS]] from stormwater runoff (Davis et al., 2001, 2009; Hunt et al., 2012]. They are constructed by excavating the existing soil within the landscape and refilled with 0.7-1 m of a sand/soil/organic matter engineered filter bed substrate (Davis et al., 2009). They are then planted with vegetation (Liu et al., 2014; NCDENR, 2009]. Rain gardens can be placed in many different landscape scenarios. They function well for containing and remediating polluted stormwater runoff because of their two main components: (1)the engineered filter bed substrate (EFBS) and (2) the vegetation.
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