Lichen Diversity on Carbonate Stone Substrates in St. Petersburg, Russia: A Review

摘要

The review of published records of lichens on carbonate stone substrates (marbles, limestones, limestone tufa, and concrete) in Saint Petersburg has been presented. Altogether, 66 species of lichens from 35 genera and 16 families have been found in more than 40 papers. The most diverse genera are Verrucaria, Physcia, and Lecanora. Most of the species inhabiting carbonate stone materials in Saint Petersburg form episubstratic thalli, only the species of genus Verrucaria, often have endolithic or mostly endolithic thalli and could cause pitting of carbonate materials. Other lichen inhabitants of these substrates could be agents of substrate piling. The majority of taxa were not reported in Saint Petersburg from natural carbonate materials (marbles, limestones, or limestone tufa), but only from concrete; species inhabiting exclusively carbonate stones in Saint Petersburg are very few; lichens strictly confined to natural carbonate substrates are almost absent.