PEAT AND ITS ROLE IN SOLVING THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ISSUES

摘要

Peat and products of its processing (fertilizer, ameliorants, sorbents, the ion-exchange materials) play important role in solving the decision of the environment protection problems. A degree of decomposition, botanical composition, ash content, acidity, moisture content, heat capacity and heat diffusivity determine structure of peat deposits and their role in the formation of biospheric processes at regional and interregional levels, and also influence an aqueous mode of territory, drain of the rivers, functioning of lacustrine -marsh complexes, gas composition of an atmosphere, display of local droughts and light frosts. At the scientifically proved approaches peat deposits due to hydraulic engineering and agro-chemical ameliorations can be transformed in fertile peat ground, which economic use differs by high performance at observance of certain means and rules of agro- techniques and hydro-amelioration. Complex technogenic processes take place in Polesye on the area about 6 million hectares due to ameliorative building and economic use of the drained grounds. In result the aqueous mode on the territory more than 3,5 million hectares has changed, that has resulted in essential transformation of a soil cover, specious composition of biodiversity and architecture of landscapes. A uniform ecological network of Polesye and action plan on its integration in the all-European ecological network is under development now. The peat soils degradation and ameliorated grounds desertification are connected linearly to the change of hydrophilicity of organic-mineral complexes, their modular composition, thermal and structural -mechanical characteristic.