Catalysts are widely used in many electrochemical systems and industrial productions. A suitable catalyst should have high reactivity for specific reaction, high thermal stability and conductivity for high temperature applications, and high chemical stability. Currently, precious metals such as platinum (Pt) and ruthenium (Ru) are developed as suitable catalysts for many industrial reactions and electrochemical systems. Typically, PEM fuel cells utilize Pt as catalyst, which is so far known to have the best catalyst performance for PEM fuel cell application. However, the high cost of precious metals has been a significant hurdle against the wider commercial dissemination of industrial catalyst applications. Therefore, the development of inexpensive, high-performance non-precious metal (non-PGM) catalysts is an essential requirement.
展开▼
