THYROID CARCINOMA: UPDATES IN DIAGNOSIS, SUPPORTIVE CARE, AND DEFINITIVE TREATMENT

摘要

Thyroid anatomy/ physiology:The thyroid gland consists of groups of cells arranged in follicles around central thyroglobulin containing colloid. The cells produce and secrete triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) which are created from iodides combined with and stored in the thyroglobulin, and can be removed, transported through the cells and released upon stimulation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which is necessary for all steps in thyroid hormone synthesis and release. This organ requires a large blood supply which carries the iodides necessary for hormone construction. T3 and T4 are released and are transported through the blood on carrier proteins to the target cells and are absorbed into cells slowly, most all of the T4 is converted to T3 which has a high affinityfor intracellular and nuclear receptors and cause increases in the transcription of a large number of proteins and other substances. The ultimate function of thyroid hormones is to increase metabolism, high quantities can increase the basal metabolic rate 60-100%.