A Review on Development of Minor Ports to Improvethe Economy of Developing Country

摘要

India, is the second largest country in Asia, has a coast line about 7500 km and is studded with 13 major ports and close to 200 minor ports. The major ports in India are Calcutta, Haldia, Paradip, Visakhapatnam, Ennore, Chennai, Tuticorin, Cochin, New Mangalore port trust (NMPT), Mormugao, Jawharlal Nehru Port Trust (JNTP), Mumbai, and Kandla. Approximately, 95 per cent of the country's trade by volume (70 per cent in terms of value) is moved by sea. Major ports handle about 75 per cent of the total cargo and the rest by intermediate and minor ports. Hence, shipping plays an important role in the transport sector of India's economy. The development of port can be defined as "Technological changes in recent years in transport systems as a whole and maritime transport in particular have made it imperative to reorient the working of the ports in developing countries to meet the challenges posed by these new innovations". In this paper,as anexample development of Karwar portis discussed. Karnataka has a coastline of 300 km with one major port at New Mangalore and minor ports. Karwar port is located at the northern extremity of the state in Latitude 12°48' N and Longitude 74°7' E. The improvement can be done by Extension of the Existing Berth and land reclamation, Dredging, and Construction of Petrol, Oil and Lubrication (POL) loading Jetty. Finally, the development of minor ports support the major ports which directly and indirectly helps to improve the economy of the developing countries like India.