Hydrological and hydrodynamic models were used as tools for better understanding of the causes of the extreme flood events that took place on 22 February 2013 on the Pikrodafni stream, a heavily modified urban stream that is enduring many pressures in a rapidly changing human system and threatens water security in the metropolitan area of Athens. It was concluded that the capacity of Pikrodafni stream cross-sections to convey the flood event on 22 February 2013 was adequate. The overflow observed can be attributed to the debris accumulation (tree branches, reeds and garbage) at footbridge piers that intercepted the water flow. In order to assure and improve the water security of Athens, increasing flood management and environmentally friendly protection provisions will be required.
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