In wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), node placement plays a significant role to meet design goals such as cost effectiveness, connectivity, lifetime, and data latency.In this paper, we propose a new algorithm to assist in the placement of nodes for a WSN monitoring underground tunnel infrastructure.To improve the nodes utilization rate, we define a minimization problem of the whole number of nodes which are used in a tunnel monitoring.We find a relationship between self-organized clusters which are composed of a multi-path hop route to collect monitoring data.The relationship leads to a multi-objective optimization problem.Therefore, we make use of particle swarm algorithm, which is appropriate to multi-objective optimization problem, to search for an optimized results.Our result would be helpful for saving cost of nodes deployment and improve efficiency of energy in linear WSNs.
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