DO INSTITUTIONAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS CREATE MORE GROWTH OBSTACLES FOR FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS? EVIDENCE FROM EMERGING MARKETS

摘要

Researchers have examined various issues related to female-owned businesses (FOBs) and male-owned businesses (MOBs). This literature can be summarized as follows. First, much of the attention in the established literature has been devoted to finding performance differences between FOBs and MOBs (Ahl 2006). Second, most of the existing studies are based on firms in the U.S. and other developed countries (Robb and Watson 2012, p. 547). Third, most of these studies conclude that FOBs underperform relative to the MOBs (Robb and Watson 2012, p. 547).