Although some empirical studies on open innovation have recently emerged, the multidimensional phenomenon has been rarely explored in its whole, since existing research mostly has focused on only one of its dimensions. This narrow view hinders the understanding of the complexity of open innovation phenomenon and its activities. With several statistical analyses on a large sample of companies from three countries, we aim to provide theoretical and empirical grounds for addressing fundamental questions in open innovation literature, such as: How do different dimensions of open innovation influence innovation performance? Do different modes of open innovation exist? Are companies that are highly intense on all open innovation dimensions superior innovators? With this wider focus on the multidimensionality of open innovation, we intend to help managers to decide "which open innovation dimensions should be stimulated the most" and to understand "how to effectively implement open innovation process within their organisations".
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