Dynamic Polarization of Carbon Nano-Structures by Charged Particles

摘要

A brief review is presented of several models used to describe dynamic polarization of carbon nanostructures by charged particles moving in a broad range of incident velocities. For low-energy excitations of graphene we use the polarization function for its π electron bands in the Dirac cone approximations within a dielectric response approach that includes the transverse optical phonons in a polar substrate. For high-energy excitations by fast electrons we use a twodimensional hydrodynamic model for the π and σ electron systems in the sp~2 bonded carbon with various geometrical shapes. In particular, we use second quantization of the hydrodynamic model to show that large numbers of plasmons may be excited by moderately fast electrons in a C60 molecule. Results of the theoretical modeling are compared with several experiments.