The Effect of Low Calorie Structured Lipid Palm Mid Fraction, Virgin Coconut Oil and Canola Oil Blend on rats body weight and Plasma Profile

摘要

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of low calorie cocoa butter substitutes, the structured lipids (SLs) on rats' body weight and plasma lipid levels. The SLs were developed from a ternary blending of palm mid fraction (PMF), virgin coconut oil (VCO) and canola oil (CO). The optimized blends were then underwent enzymatic acidolysisusing sw-l,3-specific lipase. This process produced A12, a SL which hasa solid fat content almost comparable to cocoa butter but has low calories. Therefore, it has a high potential to be used for cocoa butter substitute with great nutritional values. Fourty two Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups and were force feed for a period of 2 months (56 days) and the group were Control l(rodent chow), Control 2(cocoa butter), Control 3(PMF:VCO:CO 90:5:5 - S3 blend), High doseSL (A12:C8+S3), Medium dose SL (A12:C8+S3) and Low dose SL (A12:C8+S3).The body weight of each rat was recorded once daily. The plasma profile of treated and control rats, which comprised of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride was measured on day 0 (baseline) and day 56 (posttreatment). Low calorie structured lipid (SL) was synthesized through acidolysis reaction using sn 1-3-specific lipase of HiermomycesLanuginos (TLIM) among 25 samples with optimum parameter obtained from the RSM.Blood samples for plasma separation were collected using cardiac puncture and requiring anesthesia via tail vein(Anesthetics for rats: Ketamine/Xylazine) for day 0 and day 56.Results of the study showed that rats in group 1 and group 2 has gained weight by 1.66 g and 4.75 g respectively and showed significant difference (p<0.05). In contrast, G3, G4, G5 and G6 showed significant difference (p<0.05) with weight loss by 2.16 g, 10.71g, 7.27 g and 3.23 g respectively 7.27 g and 3.23 g respectively after the treatment. Biochemical analyses on the ratsplasma lipid revealed that the total blood cholesterol content of rats fed with either low dosage (1.39 ± 0.08 mmol/L), medium dosage (1.40 ±0.08 mmol/L) or high dosage (1.42 ± 0.07 mmol/L) of SLs contains C8:0 for 56 days was significantly lower (p<0.05) than day 0. However, total cholesterol for G1 and G2 was also significantly different (p<0.05) when compared after the treatment. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) between G3 on day 0 and 56 days for total cholesterol.Meanwhile, total plasma HDLcholesterol content of rats fed with C8:0 was significantly higher (p<0.05) than the baseline (day 0) and the total plasma LDL cholesterol levels of rats in G4, G5 and G6 were significantly lower (p<0.05) than the baseline (day 0). In conclusion, combination of medium-chain fatty acid (C8:0) which produced low calorie structured lipids effectively altered the plasma cholesterol levels of experimental rats.