Laboratory studies pertinent to the chemistry of ices with and without additional ingredients such as organics is critical to our understanding of how solar system icy bodies from comets and Kuiper Belt Objects far away in the outer solar system to the ices on Earth, much closer to the sun. This chapter reviews our present day understanding of the fundamental processes that occur in water-rich ices, containing organic impurities. In particular, the role of radiation - photons, electrons, and ions on the chemical evolution of solar system ices, including the newly discovered photoionization in ices, are reviewed.
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