New Generation Biological Products On The Basis Of Porous Phosphatic Glass Carrier For Recovery Of Soils And Water Areas Polluted With Oil-Products In The Conditions Of Northern Territories

摘要

According to expert assessment current level of world oil production of 4,2 – 4,5 billion tons per year will be held till the end of fortieth years of XXI century /1/. The forecast for the Russian Federation for 2013 – oil production will be 581 million tons. Oil pollution belongs to the massive and the most dangerous expressions of anthropogenic influence on nature systems. Losses of oil products during extraction, transportation and refining reach 3-5% from total volume. Soil and water contamination with oil products significantly worsens ecological situation in the regions and leads to damaging of soils structure; growth of acidity; reducing of soil fertility (cause of humus loss process) and homeostasis; changings in structure of soil biocoenosis of microorganisms with accumulation of phytopathogenic microorganisms; degradations and depressions of vegetation and damaging of biocoenosis structure in general. The volume of global market of cleaning of territories from oil pollution is estimated at 25 billion dollars according to ecological organizations data. Total economic damage for the Russian Federation caused by oil and petrochemicals reaches hundreds of billions of rubles annually. Known technologies of soil cleanup and water purification from hydrocarbon pollution can be conditionally divided into three groups: mechanical, physiochemical and microbiological. They are applied separately or in combination in each specific case. 1. Mechanical means of pollution elimination (collecting, oil fraction separation, waste removal and recycling). These measures are ineffective in difficult conditions of application. Always require advanced treatment. Not eco-friendly in general. 2. Physiochemical methods (usage of oil adsorbents and chemical decomposition of oil products). Lead to accumulation of waste. Require advanced treatment. Little eco-friendly. 3. Microbiological technologies (application of bio products on the basis of microbes-destructors of oils or activation of native microbiota). Eco-friendly. However microbiological treatment is ineffective at high concentration of impurities. Require the agrochemical actions to secure optimal conditions for microorganisms activity (watering, cultivation, mineral fertilizing).