Some organisms lack conventional mitochondria and instead contain divergent mitochondrial-relatedorganelles, called hydrogenosomes, which are double-membrane bound organelles and produce molecularhydrogen. The hydrogenosome is found in non-mitochondrial organisms such as some Parabasalia and ciliatedprotists and chytrid fungi which live in anaerobic or microaerophilic environments. Like mitochondria thehydrogenosome is surrounded by two closely apposed membranes and presents a granular matrix, producesATP, participates in the metabolism of pyruvate formed during glycolysis, incorporates calcium, importsproteins post-translationally and divides in the same way. However, this organelle differentiates frommitochondria due of absence of genetic material, at least in trichomonas, lack a respiratory chain andcytochromes, absence of the F0- F1 ATPase, absence of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and absence of cristae.
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