The City of Yogyakarta, located on the slope of Merapi Volcano in Indonesia, suffers from water scarcity. The water table has declined up to 3 m in 2001 - 2008. The annual rainfall of 2000 mm, is inadequate to supply the population for domestic water demand only. Eighty per cent of population use dugwells as their domestic water sources. The soil underlying the City is adequately permeable to allow the rain water to recharge the groundwater. However, the population is high, and so the demand for water. The deeper groundwater has also been abstracted before adequate recharge effort is applied. The City is sloping down from north to south on the landforms of foot slope, foot plain, and alluvial plain; intersected by 5 rivers; Bedog, Winongo, Code, Gajahwong and Tambakbayan. This situation devides the City into 12 hydrology unit areas, which are independent to each other. Most of the areas, even in the rainy season, are critical, in which the water demand exceeds the water supply from rainfall.
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