Flame retardant flexible polyurethane foams were developed through four different approaches including the utilization of inorganic flame retardant, phosphorus-containing flame retardants, a combination of phosphorus compounds and inorganic additives, and the combination of phosphorus compounds and reactive silicone. Cone results of the obtained flexible foams strongly support "synergism" among the combined systems. With 15 pbw of phosphorus FR, Antiblaze? 230, an alkyl arylphosphate/phosphonate, in PUR, the peak heat release rate was reduced by 23% However, the combined use of Antiblaze? 230 with zinc stannate (ZS) reduced the PHRR of the resulting PUR foams by over 40%. Moreover, the combined use of ZS or zinc hydorxystannate (ZHS) with Antiblaze? 230 significantly reduces smoke generation. Flame retardant flexible foams are also successfully obtained with functionalized silicone component, and with the combination of silicone and phosphorus-containing FR, which follow a different flame retardant mechanism.
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