SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL FOR BIO-ENERGY PRODUCTION WITH WATER SAVINGIRRIGATION

摘要

Many countries are facing water shortages with population increases. This study aims to create alternatives of energy and water saving resources. A field experiments were carried out at forest tree station in Luxor Governorate, Egypt, on Jatropha curcas, was irrigated by different amounts of primary treated waste water, i.e. 100%, 75% and 50% of water requirements (WR) under with pruning and without pruning. There was significant variation between water amounts with pruning for seed yield and oil yield. The highest seed yield at 75%) of WR with pruning was 5275 kg ha~(-1) followed by 4875 kg ha~(-1) with 100% of WR and 2000 kg ha~(-1) with 50% of WR. Yield of extracted oil was 1714, 1482 and 564 kg ha~(-1) at 75%, 100% and 50% of WR, respectively. The highest water use efficiency of seed and oil yields were 0.94 and 0.31 kg m~(-3), respectively at 75% of WR with pruning. Irrigated by 75% of WR with pruning were recorded 32.5% of total oil present in the seeds. The characteristics of seed oil were recorded highest values compared with petro-diesel. Waste water increased Cd, Ni, Pb, Mn, Zn and Cu in surface layer compared with subsurface layer after second year, especially, under irrigation 100% of WR. EC_e in surface layer (4.30 dSm~(-1)) comparedwith subsurface layer (4.10 dSm~(-1)). Soil pH decreased in both surface and sub-surface layers of the soils irrigated with waste water. Available water and organic matter content increased with increasing the water amounts and decreased with depth. Hydraulic conductivity was decreased with surface layers and increasing with depth. Pruning was superior effect than without pruning. There are significant performance characteristics of Jatropha curcas seed oil comparable to diesel and materials productionof bio-diesel as an alternative to pure diesel for the national income.