Hypervelocity impact testing at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics was undertaken with a suite of RF, optical, and plasma sensors. Iron particles between 10~(10) g and 10~(-15) g were accelerated to speeds of 1 km/s to 50 km/s using a Van de Graaff dust accelerator and were impacted on metallic targets. The retarding potential analyzers (RPAs) designed and constructed to measure impact-generated plasma are described in detail. Several optical signals from a photomultiplier tube were detected and found to be temporally coincident with impact events that also generated measurable plasma. The plasma measurements from the RPAs indicate a dependence on target electrical bias and material. The expansion speed of plasma generated from impacts on unbiased tungsten was found to be approximately 20 km/s.
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机译：Max Planck核物理研究所在Max Planck核物理研究所的影响测试采用套房进行RF，光学和等离子体传感器进行。 10〜（10）克和10〜（-15）克之间的铁颗粒加速到使用van de Graaff除尘器的速度为1公里至50公里/秒，并影响金属靶标。详细描述了设计和构造以测量冲击产生的等离子体的延迟潜在分析仪（RPA）。检测来自光电倍增管的几个光信号，发现在时间上与也产生可测量的等离子体的冲击事件。来自RPA的等离子体测量表示依赖于目标电偏差和材料。发现从非偏析钨的影响产生的血浆的膨胀速度约为20km / s。
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