A Study on the Model and System Schedule of Ecological Compensation in Water Source Areas, Beijing,China

摘要

Ecological compensation in River Basin is one of the important means to settle the utilization and confliction of water resources between upstream and downstream. By separation of water supply areas and water use areas. ecological compensation mode becomes an effective method to protect water resources in Beijing and an important way to coordinate development of Beijing with surrounding regions in upstream. Ecological compensation mode in Beijing water source areas includes five aspects: regulation of water quality and quantity, purification of wastes, maintenance of water and land and self-control of water resources, recreational functions of landscape, culture and leisure, protection of biodiversity. Ecological compensation system structure for Beijing water source area has been put forth. It includes seven aspects: objectives and principles of ecological compensation, subject and object of compensation, priority fields, laws and policies, basis and standards for compensation, ways of realization and arrangement of system, etc. In order to resolve exterior problems of ecological environment ecological compensation is a system arrangement to coordinate development of society, economy and environment through means of finance, tax revenue, market, etc. being used to adjust interests among ecology protector, beneficiary and destroyer. Valley ecological compensation system plays very important role in protection of urban water resources and coordination of utilization of and conflicts of water resources between upstream and downstream. Shortage of water resources in the capital Beijing is close to critical condition. Its per capita water resources ownership is less than 300m3 that is only 1/8 of that of the whole nation and 1/30 of that of the whole world. It is much lower than the internationally recognized lower limit of 1,000m3 and belongs to areas that senously lack water [1]. In order to ensure water resources supply, Beijing has strengthened protection for important surface water resources that is upstream of Miyun Reservoir since 1995. It has also negotiated with the upstream Hebei Province for many times with intention to realize co-construction and sharing of valley protection and coordinated development of the area through projects of ecological environment construction and ecological compensation.