Molecular Imaging of Canceri Receptors, Anglogenesls, and Gene Expression

摘要

There is an increasing desire to understand molecular mechanisms that regulate cancer growth and metastasis. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can be used for this purpose in research and clinical trials. An ever-growing number of PET tracers are now available to image biochemical alterations characteristic of the cancer cell or tumor-induced changes in the surrounding stroma. This chapter addresses angiogenesis, receptor expression, and gene imaging. Angiogenesis can be imaged using the compound ~(18)F arginine-grycine-aspartic acid (RGD) peptide, which binds specifically to alphavbeta3 integrin receptors expressed at the surface of proliferating endothelial cells. A number of receptors are critical for cancer development and progression. Presence and functional activity of receptors can be studied with PET probes, among which FDHT and FES are in clinical trials for imaging of the androgen and estrogen receptors, respectively. Gene expression can be imaged, and this will be of increasing importance as part of future clinical trials with stem cells or modified T cells, allowing for cell tracking in the human body and visualization of the degree and location of expression of a therapeutic gene.