Seasonal Movements of Large Yellow American Eels Downstream of a Hydroelectric Dam, Shenandoah River, West Virginia

摘要

Yellow-phase American eels Anguilla rostrata migrate upstream extensively in Atlantic coastal river systems. However, few studies have focused on movements of large yellow American eels near dams in upper watersheds of Atlantic coastal rivers. We examined relationships between environmental variables (stream flow, water temperature, and lunar phase) and movements of radio-tagged yellow American eels (518-810 mm TL) near Millville hydroelectric dam in the lower Shenandoah River drainage of the upper watershed of the Potomac River system, West Virginia. Movements of yellow American eels differed seasonally. Water temperature and stream flow were associated with upstream migration during spring. Downstream movements during fall coincided with decreasing water temperatures and darker nights near the new moon. Eels overwintered in thermal refuge areas near tributary mouths. Localized irregular upstream and downstream movements during summer occurred near dusk and dawn and possibly reflected crepuscularforaging. Our study in the Potomac River drainage suggests the need for upstream eel passage at hydroelectric facilities when spring water temperatures exceed 15 deg C.