The canonical Gamma-Ray Bursts: long,'fake'-'disguised' and 'genuine' short bursts

摘要

The Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) offer the unprecedented opportunity to observe forthe first time the blackholic energy extracted by the vacuum polarization during the process ofgravitational collapse to a black hole leading to the formation of an electron-positron plasma. Theuniqueness of the Kerr-Newman black hole implies that very different processes originating from thegravitational collapse a) of a single star in a binary system induced by the companion, or b) of twoneutron stars, or c) of a neutron star and a white dwarf, do lead to the same structure for the observedGRB. The recent progress of the numerical integration of the relativistic Boltzmann equations withcollision integrals including 2-body and 3-body interactions between the particles offer a powerfulconceptual tool in order to differentiate the traditional "fireball" picture, an expanding hot cavityconsidered by Cavallo and Rees, as opposed to the "fireshell" model, composed of an internallycold shell of relativistically expanding electron-positron-baryon plasma. The analysis of the fireshellnaturally leads to a canonical GRB composed of a proper-GRB and an extended afterglow. Byrecalling the three interpretational paradigms for GRBs we show how the fireshell model leads toan understanding of the GRB structure and to an alternative classification of short and long GRBs.