Nanocarbon in all its forms (carbon nanotubes, nanographite, thermoexfoliated graphite (TEG)) does not form dispersions or solutions in organic solvents and water. Nanocarbon particles, including CNTs, are prone to aggregation and formation of bundles and matted nets due to the relatively strong Van der Waals long-range interaction, which occurs between separate nanocarbon particles. However, the implementation of a stable homogeneous dispersion of particles in a polymer nanocarbon matrix is the most important issue in the creation of polymer composites with homogeneous structure. One can use two ways to realize a uniform distribution of nanocarbon component in the polymer matrix: mechanical and chemical processing methods for nanocarbon component. Physical separation of nanocarbon particles is realized by mechanical treatment. When nanocarbon interacts with some substances such as oxygen, fluorine, ozone, oxygen-containing acids and salts some functional groups join nanocarbon surface. Functional groups on the nanocarbon surface modify that surface properties, create conditions for a homogeneous distribution of nanocarbon filler in a polymer matrix, and provide a strong bond between filler particles and polymer matrix [1,2].
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