THE PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING THE CALENDERING PROCESS ARE REVIEWED. AN APPROACH IS OUTLINED FOR DEVELOPING APPROPRIATE SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE CALENDER. THE PAST PRACTICES OF CALENDER DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION ARE SUMMARIZED. AN OVERVIEW OF THE MECHANICAL IMPROVEMENTS AVAILABLE TO EXTEND THE PROCESSING RANGE AND PRECISION OF A CALENDER IS PROVIDED. THE INTER-RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATERIAL PREPARATION, SUBSTRATE HANDLING, AND CALENDER OPERATION AND THE EFFECT OF THESE VARIABLES ON PRODUCT QUALITY AND CONSISTENCY IS EXAMINED AS A MEANS OF EVALUATING AND SELECTING FROM AMONG THE AVAILABLE OPTIONS THOSE WHICH WILL PROVIDE THE GREATEST IMPROVEMENT IN OPERATIONS.
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