biomass-to-liquid (BTL) fuels is the Fischer-Tropsch process, which converts biomass-derived synthesis gas into primarily linear hydrocarbons. Biomass-derived syngas typically has a H2:CO ratio of 0.5-0.75:1, which requires a catalyst with water-gas shift activity to carry out this reaction. Due to the relatively inexpensive cost, high water-gas shift activity and low methane selectivity of iron, the most widely used catalyst of biomass-derived syngas is iron-based. Despite a great deal of research into iron-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts, the products of the reaction are usually a highly variable mixture of alkanes, olefins, and oxygenates; therefore improvement of the catalytic selectivities are needed before commercialization of coal-based FTS.
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