technology of the new century. Control over the structure on nanoscale can open opportunities for the development of materials with superior properties, if the structure/property relations are known and if the microstructure can be controlled to the sufficient degree. Carbon is a very special element. It plays a dominant role in the chemistry of all living organisms. Being the sixth most common element in the universe it serves as a backbone of all organic substances. It is the only element that is currently known to exist in single crystalline form (as graphene) while being only one atom thick and unprotected from oxygen in its surrounding environment. Several types of available bonds (sp, sp~2, sp~3) allow tuning the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of carbon in an incredibly wide range. Varieties of chemical functionalities permit modifications of carbon surfaces for covalent bonding with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds. Such versatility of carbon properties combined with its abundance in nature allows successful applications in electrical double layer capacitors, batteries, membranes, and
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