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Spekkens' toy model and contextuality as a resource in quantum computation

机译:Spekkens的玩具模型和语境性作为量子计算的资源

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Spekkens' toy model (SM) is a non-contextual hidden-variable model made to support the epistemic view of quantum theory, where quantum states are states of partial knowledge about a deeper underlying reality. Despite being a classical model, it has reproduced many features of quantum theory (entanglement, tele-portation, ...): (almost) everything but contextuality, which therefore seems to be the inherent quantum feature. In addition to the importance in foundation of quantum theory, the notion of contextuality seems to be a crucial resource for quantum computation. In particular it has been proven that, in the case of odd prime discrete dimensional systems, contextuality is necessary for universal quantum computation in state-injection schemes of computation based on stabilizer quantum mechanics (SQM). The latter is a subtheory of quantum mechanics which is very popular in the field of quantum computation and quantum error correction. State-injection schemes consist of a classically-simulable part (like SQM) and a resource state that boosts the computation to a quantum improvement. In the odd-dimensional case, SM is operationally equivalent to SQM. In the even-dimensional case, the equivalence only holds in terms of structure, not in terms of statistical predictions. This because qubit-SQM shows contextuality, while qudit(odd dimensions)-SQM does not. We believe that SM can be a valid tool to study contextuality as a resource in the field of quantum computation. Restricted versions of SM compatible with quantum mechanics (QM) can be used as the non-contextual classically-simulable part of state-injection schemes thus opening other scenarios where studying if contextuality is necessary for quantum computational speed-up.
机译:Spekkens的玩具模型(SM)是一种非上下文隐藏变量模型,以支持量子理论的认知观点,其中量子状态是关于更深层次的底层现实的部分知识的状态。尽管是一个古典模式,它已经复制了许多量子理论(纠缠,远程,......)的特征:(几乎)一切,而是语境,因此似乎是固有的量子特征。除了在量子理论的基础上的重要性之外,情境性的概念似乎是量子计算的重要资源。特别地,已经证明,在奇数主要尺寸系统的情况下,基于稳定器量子力学(SQM)的状态注射计算中的通用量子计算是必要的上下文。后者是量子力学的子系统,其在量子计算和量子误差校正领域非常受欢迎。状态注入方案包括经典可模拟的部分(如SQM)和提升计算到量子改进的资源状态。在奇数尺寸案例中,SM可操作地等同于SQM。在偶数尺寸的情况下,等价仅在结构方面保持,而不是统计预测。这是因为qubit-sqm显示了上下文,而Qudit(奇数尺寸)-SQm没有。我们认为SM可以是学习上下文作为量子计算领域的资源的有效工具。与量子力学(QM)兼容的限制版本可以用作状态注入方案的非上下文中可模拟部分,从而打开其他场景,其中Quantum计算加速是必要的上下文的情况。

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