The topic of spindle balancing is a mature subject with modern two-plane balancing techniques attributed to Thearle's work from 1934 [1]. Despite exhaustive documentation in the literature, balancing and its effect on error motion measurement remains a misunderstood issue. In particular, the effect of unbalance on axial error motion is underappreciated. Unbalance-induced error motion is of critical importance for milling optics with high speed spindles. This paper demonstrates the effect of residual unbalance force on radial and axial motion of a 50,000 RPM air bearing micromilling spindle.
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