(387)SAFETY AND PRESERVATION DESIGN OF UNESCO SITE. THECASE OF MY SON (VIETNAM)

摘要

M? S?n is a cluster of abandoned and partially ruined temples constructed between the 4th and the14th century by the kings of ancient Champa (Chiem Thành in Vietnamese). The temples arededicated to the worship of the god Shiva, known under various local names, the most important ofwhich is Bhadresvara. M? S?n is located near the village of Duy Phu, in the administrative district ofDuy Xuyen in Qu?ng Nam province in Central Vietnam, 69 km southwest of Da Nang. The templesare in a valley roughly two kilometres wide that is surrounded by two mountain ranges.Bombed during the Vietnam war, the ruins of the brick towers were designated as UNESCO WorldCultural Heritage site in 1999.This research was conducted under the collaborative project of the Politecnico di Milano with the LericiFoundation for the project of preservation and protection of the archaeological site of M? S?n in thecentral Vietnam area. Conducted in April 2011, the main purpose of the mission was to design andinstallation on site of a provisional structure that would allow safe working on the main temple of Ggroup in M? S?n.The case study is G1 temple, he main structure of the G group, a structure built on a natural hill andconceived as a series of enclosures in which only certain people could have access.In the G1 temple was required the installation of a structure with the dual purpose of being able toreach the top of the temple in order to remove the most damaged part of the wall texture, and at thesame time being able to share in deposit pending its recovery. The first planning idea, due to the lowbudget and the will to use site materials, was the choice of a bamboo structure. In fact, the mainadvantages of bamboo scaffolding, compared with steel, are the lightness and the low cost of theinstallation and the material itself, especially in situations such as the case study, where bamboo iseasily findable.The aim of the second phase research was therefore to study a methodological approach on the useof bamboo scaffolding structure, compatibly with the aim of the whole UNESCO mission, thepreservation of the historic temple.After the study of knowledge of the site, the research was conducted on the structural characteristicsand possible uses of bamboo. Trough the input of studies conducted by the University of Hong Kong,it was possible to establish the basic properties, anatomical features, and mechanical propertiesconnected to the species found around the Myson site.The third phase of the research was about project and physical testing of the components of thestructure.After a detailed survey of the area involved by the project, it was possible to build a 3d scenario of thefuture structure and understand the dimensions of the structure in relation to the needs of the ongoingwork in other areas of the temple, and also in relation to the availability of the materials.Physical experimentations were made on the connections between horizontal and vertical structures,starting from the local construction traditions.The final step, the mounting of the structured, has shown how the aim of research was definitelyreached: the need of a major level of security for workers connected with a not intrusive interventionon the temple focused on the complete respect and preservation of it.