THE REASONS AND CONSEQUENCES OF CLIMATE CHANGES

摘要

Modern knowledge of the reasons of climate change is not specifically complete. This especially concerns estimation of the role of "small" climate-forming factors. In literature they can be considered as external forces, such as solar activity, determining influx of electromagnetic radiation and charged particles, and also volcanic and anthropogenic activity determining aerosol pollution of the atmosphere. "Small" climate-forming forces may also be regarded as a change of orbital parameters of the Earth, long-period dates, change of rotation speed of the Earth and others. Let's consider only two factors which influences on the climate are a subject of hard debates. Instability of the electromagnetic and corpuscular change coming from the Sun and Space is established theoretically and has received experimental confirmation. High-precision measurements of an integrated astrophysical solar constant have shown its variability about 0,1 % at the development of large spots on the Sun. In the long-term change of astrophysical solar constant, the trend about 0,02 % per year is found out. Variations of a meteorological solar constant are by order higher and are also connected to the change of gas and aerosol structure of the atmosphere due to the influence of ultra-violet and corpuscular radiation of the Sun, space beams of solar and galactic origin, volcanic and anthropogenic activity.