A vacuum-carbonitriding has been recently attracted as one of heat treatments to reduce size and weight of power transmissions. This heat treatment was applied to steel test gears in this study. Additionally, some gears received fine particle shot-peening to improve load carrying capacity further, and their load carrying capacity was investigated. The influence of the shot-peening on the load carrying capacity of the gears is shown with their tooth flank properties and running test results. The tooth flank roughness was decreased by polishing after shot-peening. Some running tests using these gears were executed to investigate their load carrying capacity of the vacuum-carbonitrided gears. Furthermore, expectations of the center-less gear lapping which the authors developed to decrease the tooth flank roughness simply and easily are verified by considering results of tooth flank properties and running tests.
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