Advanced Wireline Formation Tester Applications in Challenging Rocks and Environments

摘要

Carbonate formations are highly heterogeneous with variations from grainstones to mudstones. Digenesis leads to changes of the rock's original nature, like dolomitization, vugs, layering and fracturing. These variations have effects on rock quality in terms of porosity and permeability. Similarly, clastics, including shaly sands, can be quite challenging in terms of accurate formation evaluation. Although extensive logs are run for the petrophysical evaluations in these formations, the use of advanced wireline formation testers (WFTs) greatly aids reservoir description. Standard formation evaluation tools and techniques sometimes result in low level of confidence in identifying and quantifying the presence of hydrocarbon in certain reservoirs. The application of modern wireline formation testers has become a useful tool in minimizing uncertainties in situations where we have low confidence in log evaluation. Some borehole conditions and reservoir architectures, like fractures, vugs, and low mobility and mud losses could also pose some challenges while performing formation testing. In this paper, several examples and case histories of the application of advanced wireline formation testers across varieties of rocks with fractures, vugs and different borehole conditions are presented. Results indicate that reservoir heterogeneities can be described and quantified more accurately with the integration of dynamic data to aid reservoir characterization. This paper also demonstrates how to handle the challenges of detecting the early traces of hydrocarbon arrival for real time decisions during pressure testing and sampling.