Recent years have seen the emergence of new synthesis routes to nanoparticle-based materials in which there is controlled, spatial ordering of the nanoparticle (NP) building blocks [1-3].Such routes range from the crosslinking of NPs functionalized with molecules that participate in complementary binding, to the organization of NPs induced by solvent evaporation and by application of external fields.Layer-by-layer assembly has also been conceived to direct the formation of thin films, from oppositely charged NP and polymer layers that are sequentially adsorbed onto a substrate.
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