The Requirements of HFC Refrigerants in a Competitive Environment

摘要

The Kyoto Protocol of 1997 and the statements of certain governments since then have cast doubt on the long-term future of the hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants. However, doubt is cast on the doubt when the practical realities of the situation are examined. The only alternatives available are the 'natural' refrigerants; ammonia, the hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, air and water. Ammonia and the hydrocarbons are efficient refrigerants but for many applications are ruled out due to toxicity and/or flammability. Providing carbon dioxide is used with care, it is a safe non-flammable refrigerant. Air is also inherently safe but unfortunately both it and carbon dioxide used on their own have poor or very poor efficiency. Water is so limited in its applications that it can be left out of the discussion.