Bioelectronics is a rapidly developing interdisciplinary research area aimed to integrate biomaterials with electronic elements in order to transduce electronically biological recognition events or biocatalytic transformations. Mother Nature has evolutionary tailored biomaterials of highly specific and selective recognition properties, transport properties and catalytic properties. The unique recognition properties of antigens-antibodies, nucleic acid-DNA or hormone-receptors, the transport properties of ion-channels or the catalytic function of enzymes, represent some of these biomaterial functionalities. Electronic elements that could be applied as components of bioelectronic systems include electrodes, piezoelectric crystals, field-effect transistors and others. The simplest bioelectronic device is schematically depicted in Figure 1 where a redox-enzyme is immobilized on an electrode. Oxidation (or reduction) of the enzyme redox-center could activate the bioelectrocatalyzed oxidation (or reduction) of the substrate that corresponds to the biocatalyst. As a result, the generated current should relate to the substrate concentration in the medium, and the enzyme-electrode should function as a specific sensor for the quantitative analysis of the substrate. Although this simple scheme outlines the practical potential of such devices, the "real" operation of the system is far more complex. For example, the redox centers of enzymes usually lack electrical contact with the electrode surface, and upon the application of positive or negative potentials on the electrode, the oxidation or reduction of the active center is prohibited.
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